MODALS

MAY
1.  (+) I may borrow your pen
     (-)  I may not borrow your pen

    (?)  May I borrow your pen?

2.    (+) He may be sick

     (-)  He may not  be sick

     (?)  May he be sick?

3.    (+)  She may go home now

     (-)  She may not go home now

     (?)  May she go home now?

4.    (+) You may come to my house

     (-)  You may not come to my house

     (?)  May you come to my house?

5.    (+) We may go to the party

     (-)  We may not go to the party

     (?)  May we go to the party?

CAN

1.         (+)  She can play  the piano

        (-)   She can not play the piano

        (?)  Can she play the piano?

2.         (+)  You can send me letter

        (-)   You can not send me letter

        (?)  Can you send me letter?

3.         (+)  They can play football

        (-)   They can not play football

        (?)  Can they play football?

4.         (+)  He can come to her house

        (-)   He can not come to her house

        (?)  Can he come to her house?

5.         (+)  Susi can drive motorcycle

        (-)   Susi can not drive motorcycle

       (?)  Can Susi drive motorcycle?

MUST

1.         (+)  They must keep my secret

        (-)   They must not keep my secret

        (?)  Must they keep my secret?

2.         (+)  She must come to campuss

        (-)  She must not come to campuss

        (?)  Must she come to campuss?

3.         (+)  You must do your task

        (-)   You must not do your task

        (?)  Must you do your task?

4.         (+)  We must go now

        (-)   We must not go now

        (?)  Must we go now?

5.         (+)  He must drive this car

        (-)   He must drive this car

        (?)  Must he drive this car?

MIGHT

1.         (+)  You might get your honour

        (-)   You might not get your honour

        (?)  Might you get your honour?

2.         (+)  He might try his examination

        (-)   He might not try his examination

        (?)  Might he try his examination?

3.         (+)  We might study english

        (-)   We might not study english

        (?)  Might we study english?

4.         (+)  She might do her task

        (-)   She might not do her task

        (?)  Might she do her task?

5.         (+)  They might play football

        (-)   They might not play football

        (?)  Might they play football?

SHOULD

1.         (+)  She should do her homework

        (-)   She should not do her homework

        (?)  Should she do her homework?

2.         (+)  We should come to your party

        (-)   We shouldn’t come to your party

        (?)  Should we come to your party?

3.         (+)  I should study english

        (-)   I shouldn’t study english

        (?)  Should I study english?

4.         (+)  They should play football

       (-)   They shouldn’t play football

       (?)  Should They play football?

5.         (+)  He should forgive them

        (-)  He shouldn’t forgive them

        (?)  Should he forgive them

COULD

1.         (+)  We could come to your party

        (-)   We couldn’t come to your party

        (?)  Could we come to your party?

2.         (+)  She could do her task

        (-)   She could not do her task

        (?)  Could she do her task?

3.         (+)  They could play football

        (-)   They could not play football

        (?)  Could they play football?

4.         (+)  He could help me now

        (-)   He could not help me now

        (?)  Could he help me now?

5.         (+)  Santi could borrow the book

        (-)   Santi could not borrow the book

        (?)  Could Santi borrow the book?

OUGHT TO

1.         (+)  We ought to go there

        (-)   We ought not to go there

        (?)  Ought we to go there?

2.         (+)  She ought to take a rest

        (-)   She ought not to take a rest

        (?)  Ought she to take a rest?

3.         (+)  They ought to studied hard

        (-)   They ought not to studied hard

        (?)  Ought they to studied hard?

4.         (+)  I ought to come to your house

        (-)   I ought not to come to your house

        (?)  Ought I to come to your house?

5.         (+)  He ought to read the newspaper

        (-)   He ought not to read the newspaper

        (?)  Ought he to read the newspaper?

HAD BETTER

1.         (+)  She had better studied hard

        (-)   She had better not studied hard

        (?)  Had better she studied hard?

2.         (+)  They had better do their homework

        (-)   They had better not do their homework

        (?)  Had better they do their homework?

3.         (+)  Andi had better come to her party

        (-)   Andi had better not come to her party

       (?)  Had better andi come to her party?

4.         (+)  We had better play tennis

        (-)   We had better not play tennis

        (?)  Had better we play tennis?

5.         (+)  You had better get your book

        (-)  You had better not get your book

        (?)  Had better you get your book?

HAVE TO

1.         (+)  They have to play football

        (-)   They have not to play football

        (?)   Have they to play football

2.         (+)  I have to go to campuss

        (-)  I have not to go to campuss

        (?)  Have I to go to campuss?

3.         (+)  She have to do her task

        (-)  She have not to do her task

        (?)  Have she to do her task

4.         (+)  You have to listen radio now

        (-)  You have not to listen radio now

        (?)  Have you to listen radio now?

5.         (+)  He have to come to your party

       (-)   He have not to come to your party

       (?)   Have he to come to your party?

HAVE GOT TO

1.         (+)  You have got to go there

        (-)   You have not got to go there

        (?)  Have you got to go there?

2.         (+)  We have got to do our  homework

        (-)   We have not got to do our homework

        (?)  Have we got to do our homework?

3.         (+)  She has got to play piano

        (-)   She has not got to play piano

        (?)  Has she got to play piano?

4.         (+)  He has got to read the book

       (-)  He has not got to read the book

       (?)  Has he got to read the book?

5.        (+)  They have got to play tennis

       (-)  They have not got to play tennis

       (?)  Have they got to play tennis?

PREFER

1.         (+)  She prefer to do the task in home

        (-)   She doesn’t prefer to do the task in home

        (?)  Does she prefer to do the task in home?

2.         (+)  We prefer play football to tennis

        (-)   We don’t prefer football to tennis

        (?)  Do we prefer football to tennis?

3.         (+)  You prefer fried rice to fried chicken

        (-)   You don’t prefer fried rice to fried chicken

        (?)  Do you prefer fried rice to fried chicken?

4.         (+)  He prefer ride motorcycle to car

        (-)   He doesn’t prefer motorcycle to car

        (?)  Does he prefer motorcycle to car

5.         (+)  Anita prefer milk to tea

       (-)   Anita doesn’t prefer milk to tea

       (?)  Does anita prefer milk to tea

LIKE . . . . BETTER

 1.         (+)  She like watching tv better than listening music

         (-)   She like watching tv better not than listening music

         (?)   Does she like watching tv better than listening music?

2.         (+)  You like singing better than dancing

        (-)   You like singing better not than dancing

        (?)   Do you like singing better than dancing?

3.         (+)  I like chocolate better than milk

        (-)  I don’t like chocolate better than milk

        (?)  Do I like chocolate better than milk?

4.         (+) They like playing football better than tennis

       (-)  They don’t like playing football better than tennis

       (?)  Do they like playing football better than tennis?

5.         (+) We like reading better than writting

       (-)  We don’t like reading better than writting
       (?)  Do we like reading better than writting?

WOULD RATHER

1.         (+)  My brother would rather playing game than studying

        (-)   My brother would rather not playing game than studying

        (?)  Would my brother rather playing game than studying?

2.         (+)  You would rather watching this film

        (-)   You would rather not watching this film

        (?)  Would you rather watching this film?

3.         (+)  They would rather play football than basket

        (-)   They would rather not play football than basket

        (?)   Would they rather play football than basket?

4.         (+)  She would rather eat fried rice than fried chicken

       (-)   She would rather not eat fried rice than fried chicken

       (?)  Would she rather eat fried rice than fried chicken?

5.        (+)  We would rather read letter than write letter

       (-)   We would rather not read letter than write letter

       (?)  Would we rather read letter than write letter?

WOULD

1.         (+)  She would done her homework

        (-)   She wouldn’t done her homework

        (?)  Would she done her homework?

2.         (+)  You would clean the floor

        (-)   You wouldn’t clean the floor

        (?)  Would you clean the floor?

3.         (+)  Dodo would close the door

        (-)   Dodo wouldn’t close the door

        (?)  Would dodo close the doo?

4.         (+)  We would study english

        (-)   We wouldn’t study english

        (?)  Would we study english?

5.         (+)  He would send me letter

        (-)   He wouldn’t send me letter

        (?)  Would he send me letter?

COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE

Countable nouns adalah kata benda yang dapat dihitung, yang dapat menunjukkan kuantitas atau jumlah, contohnya kata benda pen dapat dihitung one, two, atau three pens.

Contoh kata benda yang dapat dihitung: cat, dog, man, baby, person, animal, bottle, box, coin, cup, plate, table, chair, bag, glass, book, house, etc. Benda-benda yang ada di sekitar kita umumnya adalah benda yang dapat dihitung. Many digunakan untuk countable nouns dan terletak mendahuluinya. Countable nouns yang singular dapat didahului dengan kata this, that, every, each, either, dan neither, sedangkan yang plural biasanya didahului kata these, those, some, any, enough, dan zero article.

Contoh countable nouns dalam kalimat:

-          We could see a ship in the distance

-          I have to brothers, John and Mark.

-          How many years have you lived in Surabaya?

-          I haven't got many pens

-          I'm going out for five minutes.

Uncountable nouns (disebut juga mass nouns) adalah kebalikan dari countable nouns, yaitu kata benda yang tidak dapat dihitung, contohnya kata benda water. Kata benda tersebut tidak bisa dikatakan a water atau two water, tetapi lebih tepat digunakan bersama dengan kata benda lainnya yang dapat dihitung, misalnya a glass of water atau two glass of water.

Contoh kata benda yang tidak dapat dihitung: sand, air, rice, sugar, cheese, tea, coffee, advice, assistance, fun, money, music, art, love, etc.

Contoh uncountable nouns dalam kalimat:

-           Can I have some water?

-           Shall we sit on the grass?

-          The money is much better in my new job.

-          I love music.

-          Would you like some coffee?